All ASNs

Autonomous System details for AS16276

AS16276

OVH SAS • ovh.net

AS16276 — OVH SAS

AS Name

OVH

Country

France (FR)

Website

ovh.net

Number of IPv4

4,612,864

Number of IPv6

3.18 × 10²⁹

ASN type

Hosting

Status

Allocated

Registry

RIPE

Allocated

January 01, 1970

Last updated

June 16, 2026

IP Ranges

662 IPv4 prefixes, 42 IPv6 prefixes

Prefix	Company	Number of IPs
2.26.132.0/24	interlir	256
2.26.153.0/24	Private Customer	256
2.26.166.0/24	Private Customer	256
2.27.97.0/24	Wesped	256
2.58.172.0/24	Cyber Assets FZCO	256
5.39.0.0/17	OVH SAS	32,768
5.135.0.0/16	OVH.CZ s.r.o.	65,536
5.172.36.0/24	Internet Utilities Europe and Asia Limited	256
5.175.162.0/24	GHOSTnet GmbH	256
5.175.168.0/24	GHOSTnet GmbH	256
5.175.195.0/24	ImplusPartner IT Consulting GmbH	256
5.178.106.0/24	Private person	256
5.178.110.0/24	Thames Network limited	256
5.182.19.0/24	Private Customer	256
5.196.0.0/16	OVH SAS	65,536
5.231.207.0/24	GHOSTnet GmbH	256
8.7.244.0/24	OVH Hosting, Inc.	256
8.18.128.0/24	Level 3 Parent, LLC	256
8.18.172.0/24	Level 3 Parent, LLC	256
8.20.110.0/24	Level 3 Parent, LLC	256
8.21.41.0/24	Level 3 Parent, LLC	256
8.24.8.0/21	OVH Hosting, Inc.	2,048
8.26.94.0/24	Level 3 Parent, LLC	256
8.29.224.0/24	Level 3 Parent, LLC	256
8.30.208.0/21	OVH Hosting, Inc.	2,048
8.33.96.0/21	Level 3 Parent, LLC	2,048
8.33.128.0/21	OVH Hosting, Inc.	2,048
8.33.136.0/24	OVH Hosting, Inc.	256
8.33.137.0/24	OVH Hosting, Inc.	256
15.204.0.0/17	OVH US LLC	32,768
15.204.128.0/17	OVH US LLC	32,768
15.235.0.0/17	OVH Hosting, Inc.	32,768
15.235.128.0/17	OVH Singapore PTE. LTD	32,768
15.235.156.0/24	OVH Singapore PTE. LTD	256
15.235.157.0/24	OVH Singapore PTE. LTD	256
15.235.170.0/24	Yoga, Subama	256
23.92.224.0/19	OVH US LLC	8,192
23.137.200.0/24		256
23.151.184.0/24	T1 Network LLC	256
23.156.24.0/24	Systec Computer Process Inc.	256
23.156.25.0/24	Systec Computer Process Inc.	256
23.230.14.0/24	EGIHosting	256
23.230.93.0/24	EGIHosting	256
31.6.62.0/24	Open ISP cc	256
31.24.81.0/24	SIA GOOD	256
31.41.37.0/24	Botify SAS	256
31.56.219.0/24	Private Customer	256
31.57.161.0/24	Private Customer	256
31.57.199.0/24	Ton Apps Inc	256
31.59.68.0/24	Private Customer	256
31.99.205.0/24	Private Customer	256
37.59.0.0/16	OVH SAS	65,536
37.60.48.0/21	JRCG INVEST SARL	2,048
37.60.56.0/21	SMTP.FR - EMAILING SERVICES	2,048
37.139.130.0/24	Neterra Ltd.	256
37.187.0.0/16	OVH SAS	65,536
40.27.29.0/24	Internet Utilities NA LLC	256
40.160.0.0/17	OVH US LLC	32,768
40.160.128.0/19	OVH US LLC	8,192
40.160.224.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.225.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.226.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.227.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.228.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.230.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.231.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.232.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.233.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.234.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.235.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.236.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.237.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.238.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.239.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.240.0/24	OVHcloud	256
40.160.241.0/24	OVHcloud	256
40.160.242.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.244.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.246.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.248.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.250.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.252.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
40.160.254.0/24	OVH US LLC	256
43.226.0.0/23	Server Pro Sweden AB	512
45.39.79.0/24	2E TELEKOMUNIKASYON LTD	256
45.43.142.0/24	Petr Stepanets	256
45.66.82.0/24	Sevio S.r.l.	256
45.66.83.0/24	Sevio S.r.l.	256
45.92.60.0/22	Live Data Development LTD	1,024
45.94.49.0/24	Auctores GmbH	256
45.112.195.0/24	Private person	256
45.149.63.0/24	Private Customer	256
45.149.185.0/24	Private Customer	256
45.149.243.0/24	InterLIR-Marketplace	256
45.152.164.0/24	Lamis Ukraine LLC	256
45.154.157.0/24	Private Customer	256
45.158.9.0/24	ipx1	256
45.177.236.0/22	HLC Cloud DMCC	1,024
46.17.217.0/24	Server Pro Sweden AB	256
46.28.236.0/24	ALTINSOFT BILISIM TEKNOLOJILERI TICARET LIMITED SIRKETI	256
2001:41d0::/32	OVH SAS	7.92 × 10²⁸
2001:41d0:ab00::/48	OVH Hispano	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab01::/48	OVH BE	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab02::/48	OVH BV	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab03::/48	OVH SAS	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab04::/48	OVH.CZ s.r.o.	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab05::/48	OVH CH	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab06::/48	OVH Srl	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab07::/48	OVHcloud - Maroc	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab08::/48	OVHcloud - Sweden	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab09::/48	OVH Hosting Limited	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab0a::/48	OVHcloud - Austria	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab0b::/48	OVHcloud - Norway	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab0c::/48	OVHcloud - Luxembourg	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab0e::/48	OVH HOSTING OY	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab0f::/48	OVHcloud (Local Zone)	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab10::/48	OVH Ltd	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab11::/48	OVH Hosting LDA	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab12::/48	OVHcloud (Local Zone)	1.21 × 10²⁴
2001:41d0:ab13::/48	OVHcloud (Local Zone)	1.21 × 10²⁴
2402:1f00::/32	OVH	7.92 × 10²⁸
2402:1f00:8000::/40	OVH SINGAPOR DC	3.09 × 10²⁶
2402:1f00:8100::/40	OVH SYD DC	3.09 × 10²⁶
2402:1f00:8200::/40	OVH SYD2 DC	3.09 × 10²⁶
2402:1f00:8300::/40	OVHcloud India DC	3.09 × 10²⁶
2402:1f00:8400::/48	OVH	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0::/32	OVH US LLC	7.92 × 10²⁸
2604:2dc0:300::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:301::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:302::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:303::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:304::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:305::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:306::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:307::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:308::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:309::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:30a::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:30b::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2604:2dc0:30c::/48	OVH US LLC	1.21 × 10²⁴
2607:5300::/32	OVH Hosting, Inc.	7.92 × 10²⁸
2607:5300:603::/48	OVH Hosting, Inc.	1.21 × 10²⁴

This table only shows the first 100 of the set of IPv4 and IPv6 prefixes. All data is available via our IP data API.

IP ranges are the different blocks of IP addresses advertised by an Autonomous System (AS). These ranges can be used by the same organization operating the AS, or by different organizations.

Peers of AS16276

966 peers

AS42 AS835 AS932 AS983 AS997 AS1248 AS1547 AS1820 AS1921 AS2484 AS2635 AS2686 AS2818 AS2906 AS3213 AS3223 AS3327 AS3462 AS3856 AS4004 AS4058 AS4134 AS4229 AS4628 AS4651 AS4657 AS4773 AS4788 AS4800 AS4817 AS4844 AS5378 AS5459 AS5466 AS5482 AS5500 AS5503 AS5564 AS5631 AS6204 AS6206 AS6507 AS6619 AS6661 AS6677 AS6717 AS6866 AS7155 AS7342 AS7552 AS7610 AS7632 AS7642 AS7979 AS8262 AS8282 AS8301 AS8304 AS8309 AS8400 AS8422 AS8452 AS8468 AS8544 AS8560 AS8637 AS8674 AS8680 AS8681 AS8683 AS8757 AS8801 AS8849 AS8851 AS8878 AS8902 AS8990 AS9009 AS9044 AS9050 AS9140 AS9146 AS9153 AS9226 AS9264 AS9269 AS9304 AS9318 AS9354 AS9381 AS9498 AS9583 AS9658 AS9664 AS9821 AS9886 AS10024 AS10122 AS10310 AS11158 AS11260 AS12200 AS12301 AS12399 AS12440 AS12491 AS12496 AS12713 AS12741 AS12759 AS12850 AS13002 AS13009 AS13037 AS13122 AS13150 AS13208 AS13213 AS13285 AS13335 AS13360 AS13631 AS13896 AS14061 AS14127 AS14593 AS15510 AS15576 AS15606 AS15654 AS15695 AS15766 AS15796 AS15802 AS15830 AS16082 AS16164 AS16247 AS16265 AS293 AS553 AS559 AS577 AS680 AS852 AS917 AS971 AS1000 AS1031 AS1103 AS1140 AS1221 AS1267 AS1280 AS1403 AS1764 AS1828 AS1836 AS2027 AS2044 AS2152 AS2381 AS2497 AS2516 AS2518 AS2734 AS2856 AS3130 AS3170 AS3214 AS3216 AS3303 AS3320 AS3333 AS3399 AS3701 AS3741 AS4181 AS4230 AS4455 AS4608 AS4764 AS4775 AS4826 AS5392 AS5394 AS5405 AS5413 AS5713 AS6057 AS6082 AS6423 AS6424 AS6667 AS6696 AS6720 AS6730 AS6830 AS6894 AS6908 AS6939 AS7473 AS7575 AS7594 AS7713 AS8218 AS8220 AS8280 AS8298 AS8359 AS8426 AS8455 AS8529 AS8660 AS8881 AS8888 AS8966 AS9930 AS11039 AS11164 AS12307 AS12389 AS12552 AS12637 AS12779 AS12859 AS12956 AS12969 AS13030 AS13194 AS13237 AS13786 AS14537 AS14630 AS14907 AS15547 AS15605 AS15623 AS15935 AS16347 AS16353 AS16552 AS16637 AS17088 AS17408 AS17494 AS17557 AS17639 AS17660 AS17676 AS17978 AS17996 AS18106 AS18186 AS18187 AS18283 AS18779 AS19151 AS19551 AS19653 AS19711 AS20080 AS20326 AS20473 AS20485 AS20596 AS20679 AS20681 AS20764 AS20766 AS20799 AS20804 AS20811 AS20845 AS20860 AS20912 AS20932 AS20940 AS21056 AS21099 AS21215 AS21232 AS21267 AS21320 AS21412 AS21472 AS21700 AS21859 AS22652 AS22697 AS23028 AS23161 AS23344 AS23367 AS23576 AS23671 AS23673 AS23764 AS23855 AS23856 AS23889 AS23947 AS24198 AS24429 AS24482 AS24492 AS24516 AS24538 AS24594 AS24806 AS24916 AS24940 AS24961 AS25091 AS25152 AS25160 AS25192 AS25220 AS25369 AS25376 AS25460 AS25509 AS25577 AS26277 AS28283 AS28458 AS28725 AS28757 AS28792 AS28917 AS29006 AS29009 AS29017 AS29075 AS29140 AS29222 AS29278 AS29405 AS29452 AS29504 AS29527 AS29606 AS29611 AS29668 AS29691 AS29838 AS30081 AS30103 AS30740 AS30781 AS30827 AS30844 AS30999 AS31084 AS31122 AS31449 AS31459 AS31472 AS31500 AS31510 AS31515 AS31529 AS31727 AS31742 AS32097 AS32437 AS32787 AS32934 AS33353 AS33425 AS33763 AS33891 AS33920 AS34019 AS34066 AS34087 AS34119 AS34177 AS34245 AS34270 AS34288 AS34347 AS34428 AS34442 AS34549 AS34655 AS34746 AS34779 AS34927 AS35008 AS35071 AS35180 AS35228 AS35266 AS35280 AS35297 AS35311 AS35313 AS35369 AS35399 AS35426 AS35551 AS35574 AS35575 AS35598 AS35600 AS35691 AS35710 AS35793 AS35826 AS35834 AS36351 AS36874 AS36916 AS36924 AS36944 AS36994 AS37002 AS37054 AS37100 AS37119 AS37148 AS37271 AS37282 AS37468 AS37497 AS37613 AS37645 AS37662 AS37678 AS37680 AS37721 AS37989 AS38001 AS38040 AS38082 AS38158 AS38182 AS38195 AS38278 AS38719 AS38757 AS38880 AS39063 AS39120 AS39122 AS39175 AS39201 AS39202 AS39208 AS39351 AS39356 AS39498 AS39505 AS39522 AS39537 AS39572 AS39602 AS39737 AS39875 AS40009 AS40271 AS40339 AS40627 AS40779 AS40934 AS40994 AS41000 AS41095 AS41107 AS41206 AS41230 AS41303 AS41327 AS41354 AS41364 AS41379 AS41484 AS41495 AS41564 AS41627 AS41666 AS41678 AS41695 AS41811 AS41897 AS42004 AS42010 AS42156 AS42228 AS42295 AS42344 AS42473 AS42541 AS42611 AS42708 AS42831 AS42909 AS42947 AS43256 AS43359 AS43500 AS43519 AS43545 AS43872 AS44123 AS44302 AS44356 AS44600 AS44684 AS44735 AS44749 AS44965 AS45014 AS45049 AS45102 AS45259 AS45296 AS45352 AS45474 AS45543 AS45701 AS45796 AS46450 AS46475 AS47169 AS47232 AS47381 AS47480 AS47631 AS47638 AS47692 AS47720 AS47957 AS47998 AS48070 AS48101 AS48185 AS48237 AS48266 AS48294 AS48305 AS48362 AS48519 AS48688 AS48825 AS48919 AS48945 AS48954 AS49158 AS49206 AS49375 AS49415 AS49425 AS49434 AS49490 AS49544 AS49572 AS49600 AS49605 AS49673 AS49709 AS49823 AS49902 AS49915 AS50023 AS50031 AS50293 AS50300 AS50304 AS50316 AS50628 AS50629 AS50763 AS50877 AS51013 AS51043 AS51055 AS51088 AS51154 AS51184 AS51185 AS51263 AS51265 AS51409 AS51468 AS51519 AS51553 AS51561 AS51823 AS51873 AS51907 AS51918 AS51920 AS51945 AS52041 AS52075 AS52320 AS53334 AS53813 AS53828 AS54113 AS54309 AS54994 AS55195 AS55222 AS55256 AS55329 AS55685 AS55818 AS55821 AS55850 AS56308 AS56322 AS56329 AS56474 AS56478 AS56595 AS56704 AS56911 AS56987 AS56990 AS57099 AS57111 AS57304 AS57344 AS57356 AS57653 AS57695 AS57777 AS57793 AS57907 AS57976 AS58057 AS58188 AS58273 AS58299 AS58308 AS58389 AS58436 AS58485 AS58495 AS58511 AS58580 AS58655 AS58715 AS58807 AS58907 AS58952 AS59105 AS59217 AS59238 AS59395 AS59439 AS59455 AS59550 AS59624 AS59649 AS59659 AS59778 AS59829 AS59890 AS59891 AS59919 AS59933 AS60022 AS60068 AS60171 AS60187 AS60439 AS60486 AS60670 AS60673 AS60793 AS60800 AS60822 AS60868 AS61012 AS61049 AS61124 AS61211 AS61215 AS61231 AS61292 AS61323 AS61373 AS61568 AS61573 AS61955 AS62014 AS62044 AS62051 AS62163 AS62167 AS62172 AS62214 AS62217 AS62227 AS62240 AS62244 AS62275 AS62663 AS62713 AS62856 AS62955 AS63399 AS63516 AS63741 AS63927 AS63949 AS63956 AS64010 AS64049 AS64073 AS64475 AS131219 AS131314 AS131958 AS132132 AS132203 AS132337 AS132602 AS132696 AS132816 AS132829 AS132847 AS132876 AS133159 AS133210 AS133840 AS134078 AS134148 AS134469 AS134654 AS134672 AS134835 AS135158 AS135530 AS135895 AS136065 AS136106 AS136168 AS136557 AS137367 AS137409 AS137969 AS137991 AS138128 AS138699 AS138881 AS138915 AS139057 AS139225 AS139341 AS139428 AS139628 AS139831 AS139901 AS140627 AS141389 AS141642 AS141995 AS147094 AS147168 AS148968 AS149290 AS150279 AS150329 AS150436 AS151066 AS151326 AS151358 AS151404 AS152144 AS152194 AS153087 AS196621 AS196881 AS197000 AS197248 AS197440 AS197537 AS197669 AS197790 AS197792 AS197889 AS197898 AS197981 AS198385 AS198554 AS198651 AS198690 AS198736 AS198781 AS198895 AS198930 AS199121 AS199335 AS199452 AS199468 AS199524 AS199670 AS199713 AS199716 AS199775 AS199938 AS199995 AS200070 AS200612 AS200700 AS200964 AS201126 AS201261 AS201277 AS201494 AS201838 AS201864 AS201933 AS202032 AS202053 AS202076 AS202196 AS202282 AS202365 AS202596 AS202617 AS203246 AS203372 AS203416 AS203421 AS203462 AS203568 AS203582 AS203724 AS203851 AS204024 AS204089 AS204092 AS204208 AS204220 AS204384 AS204558 AS204598 AS204745 AS205098 AS205111 AS205112 AS205206 AS205272 AS205275 AS205479 AS205847 AS205892 AS205975 AS206014 AS206067 AS206245 AS206347 AS206356 AS206361 AS206483 AS206530 AS206626 AS206735 AS206892 AS206934 AS206963 AS206999 AS207044 AS207310 AS207349 AS207456 AS207594 AS207652 AS207784 AS207841 AS207995 AS208126 AS208154 AS208414 AS208621 AS208636 AS208802 AS208808 AS208972 AS209108 AS209326 AS209505 AS209768 AS210062 AS210258 AS210619 AS210627 AS210788 AS210805 AS210892 AS210893 AS210937 AS210966 AS211029 AS211175 AS211389 AS211501 AS212109 AS212317 AS212396 AS212483 AS212635 AS212655 AS212683 AS212694 AS212707 AS212980 AS213054 AS213151 AS213669 AS213671 AS213746 AS214073 AS214271 AS214670 AS215248 AS215366 AS215596 AS215628 AS215638 AS215859 AS215904 AS215915 AS215981 AS216010 AS216096 AS216211 AS262725 AS263152 AS263237 AS263903 AS264479 AS264997 AS266435 AS271253 AS327814 AS328112 AS328366 AS328748 AS329215 AS394256 AS395505 AS396986 AS397131 AS398465 AS399077 AS399486 AS399728 AS20562 AS20612 AS29680 AS32590 AS35360 AS50673 AS57866 AS58453 AS58941 AS59318 AS59414 AS209823

AS16276 peers with these other Autonomous Systems.

Peering is a direct, often free, traffic exchange between Autonomous Systems (ASNs). They share routes only to their own networks and customers, making connections faster and cheaper for that specific traffic, without providing full internet access to each other.

Upstreams of AS16276

20 upstreams

AS174 AS1273 AS1299 AS2914 AS3356 AS4637 AS4755 AS5511 AS5617 AS6453 AS6461 AS6762 AS7195 AS7922 AS9002 AS12703 AS23470 AS29467 AS52025 AS328066

AS16276 uses these Autonomous Systems as its upstreams.

An upstream (or transit provider) is another AS that AS16276 pays for full internet connectivity, allowing it to reach all global destinations and be reachable by them.

Downstreams of AS16276

213 downstreams

AS984 AS1075 AS3280 AS5464 AS7837 AS9098 AS11064 AS12557 AS13437 AS13622 AS13920 AS14700 AS16076 AS17176 AS18493 AS18631 AS18702 AS19054 AS19343 AS19853 AS19896 AS20068 AS21807 AS22761 AS24851 AS27395 AS27520 AS31905 AS32519 AS35001 AS35540 AS35939 AS36689 AS39748 AS39962 AS40019 AS40442 AS41457 AS43431 AS44001 AS44213 AS44922 AS46998 AS47244 AS47597 AS48136 AS50224 AS50917 AS50937 AS51078 AS51264 AS51306 AS51866 AS52221 AS54657 AS55114 AS56353 AS57403 AS57878 AS57935 AS58212 AS61087 AS61278 AS62033 AS62098 AS62246 AS64476 AS135073 AS140443 AS140941 AS141387 AS142187 AS147224 AS150412 AS197354 AS197360 AS197363 AS197442 AS197561 AS197715 AS197996 AS198075 AS198119 AS198138 AS198180 AS198410 AS198420 AS198423 AS198588 AS198630 AS198997 AS199046 AS199064 AS199334 AS199414 AS199863 AS200074 AS200213 AS200396 AS200709 AS200897 AS201039 AS201064 AS201103 AS201435 AS201662 AS201674 AS201733 AS201830 AS201926 AS202172 AS202572 AS202610 AS202916 AS203019 AS203466 AS203479 AS203656 AS203728 AS203942 AS204261 AS204487 AS204992 AS205104 AS205663 AS205731 AS205801 AS206373 AS206411 AS206453 AS206980 AS207043 AS207536 AS208446 AS209003 AS209334 AS209604 AS209734 AS210098 AS210734 AS210814 AS210926 AS210974 AS211063 AS211194 AS211344 AS211358 AS211374 AS211377 AS211381 AS211617 AS212348 AS212353 AS212468 AS212733 AS212757 AS213159 AS213312 AS213336 AS213412 AS213427 AS213563 AS213888 AS213994 AS214225 AS214441 AS214498 AS214545 AS214584 AS214618 AS214637 AS214663 AS214693 AS214828 AS214851 AS215039 AS215117 AS215225 AS215286 AS215303 AS215311 AS215312 AS215381 AS215482 AS215759 AS216032 AS216121 AS396108 AS396120 AS396919 AS397260 AS398345 AS398726 AS399304 AS399464 AS399603 AS399605 AS400912 AS401004 AS401035 AS401178 AS401224 AS401314 AS401378 AS401387 AS401489 AS401608 AS401835 AS401839 AS401846 AS402000 AS402366 AS402429

AS16276 provides internet connectivity to these downstream Autonomous Systems.

A downstream is a customer Autonomous System that pays another AS (its provider) for internet access. The provider AS carries the downstream's traffic and makes its network reachable.